Submission To 1 st Editorial Decision-days. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsr043743, 16. In 2016, we developed a model for maintaining and regaining trust in the food regulatory system during and after food safety incidents or scandals (25). Further, pandemic management requires widespread community rather than individual compliance for success. (2020). 30/11/2020 Gilles I, Bangerter A, Clémence A, Green EG, Krings F, Mouton A, et al. The scale shows the coordinates of the variables on the axis. The estimated death number for each country was obtained from the logistic regression (see section Methods—Data collection) when the first epidemic wave was expected to reach 99% of the total death toll. Number of deaths as of August 31th, 2020, number of theoretical deaths according to our model as of August 31th, 2020 and number of deaths estimated at the end of the first epidemic wave according to our model for each country included in the analysis. (2004) 30:3–16. The [−35/−125°] longitude interval (West) delimited an area where 57% of all Covid-19 deaths were recorded. Status Publisher Keeper From To Updated Extent of archive; Archived. Data on Influenza Vaccines Detailed by Researchers at Chinese University of Hong Kong. It may be understandable that some people don’t want to admit its lethal nature, but such denialism "has been very damaging to the public health, especially in South Africa", he said. Carney T, Bennett B. Framing pandemic management: new governance, science or culture? Sci. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185955, 8. An integrative modeling approach to the age-performance relationship in mammals at the cellular scale. Experiencing a recent phase of stagnation, nations encounter intrinsic and extrinsic limits: plateauing has been demonstrated in the progression of life expectancy (5–7), adult height (8), or physiological maxima (9, 10). Posts about Public Health written by Frontiers Science Communications, Frontiers Communications, Emma Duncan, Michelle Ponto, taniapernesfrontiers, and vlsnewman doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1066, 19. This area includes the states with the highest recorded death rates (New-Jersey in the Americas, Belgium in Europe). That doesn't mean that any journal that asks for money to publish an article is a predatory journal. Several countries (e.g., India, Argentina, etc.) Holmes B. However, these are the least uncertain and the most reliable sources. Likewise, each state in the USA and each region in China was analyzed with its own latitude and longitude [as reported on the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU)] for the environmental analysis. Children and Health is a specialty section of Frontiers in Public Health and Frontiers in Pediatrics. identify eight actions taken by countries successfully managing COVID-19. Chong M. A crisis of epidemic proportions: what communication lessons can practitioners learn from the Singapore SARS crisis? Popul Stud. (2015) 45:1263–71. 40. found for example, that Pacific Islander peoples were more likely to trust information about H1N1 management received from community rather than other more official sources. Olshansky SJ, Carnes BA. Inherent factors have predetermined the Covid-19 mortality: understanding them may improve prevention strategies by increasing population resilience through better physical fitness and immunity. (2020) 94:91–5. It is out of scope to speculate on any cause-effect relation. Daily data on the number of cases and deaths due to Covid-19 were collected up to the study end point via the Johns Hopkins University data source (https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19). Building trust is also important before a pandemic as trust in health governance has been positively associated with uptake of behavioral recommendations (6, 9). (2010). In the following sections, we identify issues to consider when applying the trust model to the context of COVID-19. doi: 10.1093/heapro/daw024, 26. Police in Australia have been given a range of powers to protect state boundaries; ensure restrictions on public gatherings; to enforce quarantine for people returning from overseas or who have been diagnosed with or in contact with someone diagnosed with COVID-19; to enforce closure of non-essential businesses and to limit access to residential aged care facilities (66). Winnipeg, MB: Prairie Women's Health Network. PLoS ONE. Education occurs through provision of timely information in accessible formats for the public. In the PCA, the first axis shows a strong correlation between Covid-19 death rates and countries inside the [25/65°] latitudinal strip, while the third axis reveals two correlations with Covid-19 death rates: one with longitude, a second one with obesity. Furthermore, trust in government has been associated with adherence to recommended protective behaviors and the intention to accept vaccination regardless of what authorities actually did to manage the risk of infection (4–6, 9). doi: 10.1016/j.crvi.2004.09.009, 14. (2014) 11:e1001653. Am J Public Health. Brown notes that both health literacy and level of trust in public health officials vary according to social characteristics, leading to sub-groups who are more or less receptive to public health messages. Inconvenient truths about human longevity. DHHS . 25. doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.12019, 44. Adult obesity is defined through a Body Mass Index (BMI) greater to or equal to 30 kg/m2. Health Risk Soc. The greater the index, the greater the life expectancy gains in the last decade. Res. Processes such as social isolation and social distancing in contrast, are associated with identifiable economic risk both for the country and for the individual. 2020. With an epidemiological transition toward more prevalent chronic diseases, countries with high life expectancy have also increased concurrent risks, restraining their adaptability margins. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. China and US were also analyzed by states or regions, when each of them reached the 10 deaths threshold. Study reveals risk factors for substance use problems, as well as resilience. Concomitantly to a high life expectancy, the development afforded by an elevated GDP usually favors inactive lifestyles, sedentary behaviors, and obesity (15, 29), increasing the risk for hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, the most frequent comorbidities associated with Covid-19 mortality (30–32). Combining the studied parameters, the first and second factorial planes of the PCA represent 60.27% of the information (Figure 2). There is no significant correlation with the deviation from optimum humidity (r = 0.03, p = 0.52), the containment and health index (r = 0.07, p = 0.51), the original stringency index (r = 0.07, p = 0.36), and population size (r = −0.05, p = 0.35). The obesity rate was calculated as the percent of the country total population considered to be obese, according to the last year this prevalence data was publicly available. NLM. In the discussion that follows we define each strategy and explore its applicability to the building and maintenance of trust in public health officials during pandemics drawing upon accounts of pandemic management in the academic literature and current events. Its association was tested with environmental [temperature, humidity, ultra-violet (UV) index]; demographic [life expectancy (LE), progression of LE]; health (CVD death rate, cancer death rate, infectious diseases death rate, obesity rate, sedentary, or inactive lifestyle); GDP and with each government response (containment and health index, stringency index, and economic support index). A linear relationship was preferred for the UV index (R2 = 0.11). Lancet. We then outline some issues to consider in applying this model to pandemic management noting the ways in which pandemic management differs from the management of food safety incidents and scandals. PCA third factorial plane: axis 1 is horizontal; axis 3 is vertical. Public Health 8:369. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00369. Only 23% of Americans Have High Levels of Trust in What Trump is Saying About the Coronavirus: Poll. Bristol: Nuffield Trust (2004). (2015) 70:944–9. Public Health, 19 November 2020 (2018) 9:648. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00648, 37. Baum F, Ziersch A, Freeman T, Javanparast S, Henderson J, Mackean T. Strife of Interests: constraints on integrated and co-ordinated comprehensive PHC in Australia. Daily environmental data (temperature, humidity, and UV index) were collected via the Darsky website (https://darksky.net/). Lancet. There is also evidence from previous epidemics, that some population groups place greater trust in informal sources of information (such as social media) rather than formal sources such as public health organizations, resulting in greater levels of worry (16). Yet other researchers defended Frontiers , making clear that while some of Beall’s additions to his predatory journals list were relatively open-and-shut cases, Frontiers was much less clear-cut . Hence, global threats may put the human development niche at higher risks. Am J Public Health. Research published in Frontiers in Public Health estimates that 91% adult Americans are ‘overfat’ - a term defined as having excess body fat sufficient to impair health. Correlation matrix with the estimated death numbers obtained from the logistic equation (see Section Methods—Data collection). Previous studies have illustrated the relation between frailty and mortality (26). Hence, political strategies restricting physical activity (e.g., closing sport facilities) may refrain the enhancement of population immunity in response to present and future viral aggressors. Sci Rep. (2019) 9:418. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36707-3. New species of antibiotic-resistant bacteria found in … Javanparast S, Baum F, Freeman T, Ziersch A, Henderson J, Mackean T. Collaborative population health planning between Australian primary health care organisations and local government: lost opportunity. Data were collected from The World Factbook from the US intelligence agency (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/367.html). doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1108296, 36. Lett. During a pandemic situation, the foremost indicator of countries health fragility may be seen in the proportion of older people (who were the SARS-CoV-2 major target), given the ineluctable diminished performances and resilience with age (23). The editor and reviewers' affiliations are the latest provided on their Loop research profiles and may not reflect their situation at the time of review. Precision Public Health heralds the birth of a new era of global health — which has already halved mother-to-child HIV transmission and could see malaria, malnutrition and cancer virtually eradicated. Potential predatory scholarly open-access journals Instructions: simply enter the journal’s name or its URL in the search box above.If the journal has a publisher that was assessed to be predatory, then it is included on the Publishers list. Supplementary Figure 2. Concomitantly, the causes of death in these nations have transitioned from infectious to chronic diseases: mainly cardio-vascular diseases (CVD), metabolic (diabetes, high blood pressure), and neuro-degenerative diseases or cancers. Supplementary Table 1. The Changing relation between mortality and level of economic development. A Health Viral Respiratory Disease Pandemic Response Plan Adelaide. Front Physiol. The analyzes with the estimated death number at the end of the first epidemic wave do not change the conclusions of the analyzes on the real data. Modeling the worldwide spread of pandemic influenza: baseline case and containment interventions. Our aim is to demonstrate how strategies identified in the model can be applied to trust maintenance during pandemic crises. Br Food J. Such comorbidities were early associated with a higher risk of death from Covid-19 (20). Conversely, moral discourses can be used as the basis for rejecting public health messages. Factors (including those that are health-related) will affect how individuals and population sub-groups respond to public health communications and how willing or able they are to enact communicated risk-mitigation strategies. Abegunde DO, Mathers CD, Adam T, Ortegon M, Strong K. The burden and costs of chronic diseases in low-income and middle-income countries. The primary stakeholders for food regulation are the food industry and the media which disseminates information about food safety incidents or scandals and are instrumental in building or diminishing public trust in food governance (25). (2019) 32:179–94. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301755, 42. Such nations may suffer from higher mortality levels when new aggressors appear. Received: 26 May 2020; Accepted: 29 June 2020; Published: 14 July 2020. J Health Commun. Available online at: https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/research/research-projects/coronavirus-government-response-tracker (accessed August 10, 2020). The parameter d controls the height of the asymptote of the curve. Figure 2. Lancet Glob Health. View all Demographical, social, economic, and health parameters may underline population vulnerabilities following the recent development phase. Front Immunol. Each point represents the Covid-19 mortality rate of a country or a state, according to its latitude. Your research can change the world. Frontiers publishers. Transparency was the ranked as the most important strategy in maintaining trust by both key stakeholders and the public, which follows the emphasis on transparency or openness as trust-building strategies during periods of pandemic (27–29). Wikipedia lists various controversies about Frontiers articles and resignations of editors. 27:22–34. The publisher Frontiers, for example, is an open-access, all-digital imprint that produces many journals, and which as of 2016 was on Beall’s list of predatory publishers, 4 although some dispute the classification, 5 as some dispute the legitimacy of Beall’s list—which was taken down in early 2017 6 —altogether. The complete, comprehensive guide shows you how easy citing any source can be. doi: 10.1111/bjop.12018. These are the high income countries with a high LE but a low progression of it, high sedentarity, obesity, high deviation from latitude 0 and low longitude (Asian countries have a high longitude, while it is negative in the Americas). Given the need to mount a rapid public response to counter the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and resultant coronavirus disease (COVID-19), it is not surprising that there has been a surge in calls to enhance trust in governments and health authorities (18, 19), reflecting similar calls for a greater focus on trust following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic (20–22). Investigating and Rebuilding Public Trust in Preparation for the Next Pandemic. 65. Making sense of mutation: what D614G means for the COVID-19 pandemic remains unclear. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2014.160, 11. The mortality rate due to Covid-19 was calculated as the ratio between the total number of deaths and the population size of each country, state, or region. In the United States, for example, partisan news reporting by Fox News contributed to rejection of Centers of Disease Control recommendations (40). El Helou N, Tafflet M, Berthelot G, Tolaini J, Marc A, Guillaume M, et al. To retain trust, spokespeople must acknowledge what they do not know” [(32), p. 356]. Further, the abundance of messaging and misinformation available makes it critical that credible sources, such as public health messaging, are trusted in order to counter mis- and disinformation that may be harmful (5). Globalization and subsequent difficulties in containing infectious disease within national boundaries have contributed to ongoing preparations for an influenza pandemic by international organizations including the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control and the World Health Organization (WHO) (34, 35). This burden was not alleviated by more stringent public decisions. doi: 10.1080/00324728.1975.10410201, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, 4. Proactivity is related to transparency through timely information sharing, release of data set and modeling, and to the development of protocols and procedures through regular review and updating of procedures. J Homeland Secur Emerg Manag. 95. Here is the list of the predatory conferences that everyone should avoid them. Study of gender differences finds that men have more severe disease and are over twice as likely to die: Frontiers in Public Health . Most of these developed and aging societies are latitudinally located over the 25° parallel. Mayor E, Eicher V, Bangerter A, Gilles I, Clémence A, Green EG. The first axis concentrates 37.55% of total inertia and axis 2 represents 13.56% of it. (2018). Deviations from Tmax and Hmax were used for the multifactorial analysis of death rates with temperature and humidity. Dingwall R HL, Staniland K. Introduction: why a sociology of pandemics? During a public health crisis, such as COVID-19, we are acutely aware of the connections between social justice, public health and innovation—especially in communities with vast disparities, such as those in Alaska where Tim Struna, MPH, RN, practices. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. In the plains of that strip, the highest life expectancies have been experienced by the populations and most of the human longevity maxima have been recorded (2), showing that the niche coincides with and allows for the highest capacities of the human physiological development (1) and wealth creation, associated with elevated gross domestic product (GDP) (3, 4). Health Educ Res. Beaglehole R, Epping-Jordan J, Patel V, Chopra M, Ebrahim S, Kidd M, et al. Regarding government's actions (i.e., containment and stringency index), no association was found with the outcome, suggesting that the other studied factors were more important in the Covid-19 mortality than political measures implemented to fight the virus, except for the economic support index. Bangerter A. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glu130, 8. The impact factor (IF), also denoted as Journal impact factor (JIF), of an academic journal is a measure of the yearly average number of citations to recent articles published in that journal. Education of stakeholders and the public was also identified as important for maintaining trust in food regulation (25). This recognizes that rather than being passive or neutral receivers of public health advice, the public function as active constructors of risk, and may construct risk in ways that might be perceived as irrational or ignorant by public health officials (14, 15). (2012) 7:e037407. NIH. doi: 10.1038/450494a, 17. (2017) 32:988–1000. In Australia for example, the provision of health care services lies with state governments, while the Commonwealth government provides financial support for community and residential aged care services, and general practice which are predominantly privately owned (63). They conclude that trust must be considered in tailoring health messages (22). Factors in vaccination intention against the pandemic influenza A/H1N1. In order to take this parameter into account, the analyzes were also done with a death number that was estimated at the 99% time point (i.e., when the epidemic reaches 99% of the total death toll from the first epidemic wave) according to the logistic regression above. Frontiers in Public Health Editorial Office. When introduced in 2005, the notion of exposome was intended to encompass all the environmental exposures that individuals and populations may experience. Available from: https://www.rte.ie/news/us/2020/0515/1138741-us-protesters-call-for-easing-of-restrictions/ (accessed May 14, 2020). The national criteria most associated with death rate are life expectancy and its slowdown, public health context (metabolic and non-communicable diseases (NCD) burden vs. infectious diseases prevalence), economy (growth national product, financial support), and environment (temperature, ultra-violet index). Available from: https://infographics.channelnewsasia.com/covid-19/map.html [accessed May 26, 2020). The cloud of individuals on the first factorial plane is presented in Supplementary Figure 5. Perception of the risks posed by a pandemic has been identified as an important motivator for continued compliance with preventative measures after the initial phase of the illness (4, 60). Antero-Jacquemin JS, Berthelot G, Marck A, Noirez P, Latouche A, Toussaint J-F, et al. Status Publisher Keeper From To Updated Extent of archive; Archived. Pandemic influenza preparedness: adaptive responses to an evolving challenge. Potential predatory scholarly open‑access publishers. (2014) 14:8. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-8, 51. (2014) 105:35–56. View all doi: 10.1023/A:1024642301343, 30. The public's health and safety is paramount to pandemic management, but, unlike food regulation, successful management only occurs if a critical mass adopts the recommended behavioral strategies (9) such as handwashing and social distancing to reduce spreading. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040013, 38. American countries have a higher obesity rate and a higher Covid-19 mortality rate; Asian countries have lower obesity rates and lower Covid-19 mortality rates. Whether you are currently performing experiments or are in the midst of writing, the following Frontiers in Public Health - Review Speed data may help you to select an efficient and right journal for your manuscripts. Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. The effect of framed health messages on intention to take antivirals for pandemic influenza: a vignette-based randomised controlled trial. Bangerter A, Krings F, Mouton A, Gilles I, Green EG, Clemence A. Longitudinal investigation of public trust in institutions relative to the 2009. doi: 10.1029/2005GL022410, 28. Yang J, Zheng Y, Gou X, Pu K, Chen Z, Guo Q, et al. The parameter e controls the position of the slope and the parameter c the left asymptote of the curve. Press A. Available online at: https://www.covid-19.sa.gov.au/emergency-declarations (accessed May 4, 2020). Frontiers in Public Health Nursing. The Australian Health Management Plan for Pandemic Influenza is for example, based upon four phases: preparation (e.g., establishing relationships, monitoring; ensuring resources are available for rapid response); standby (e.g., communication to raise public awareness); action (e.g., health care and public health responses) and stand-down (e.g., resumption of previous activities and monitoring) (37). How exceptional was the early August 2003 heatwave in France? Government of South Australia. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glz098, 6. Covid-19 death rate is higher in countries strongly and positively correlated with the first factorial axis on the right. (2014) 32:2007–15. The role of public trust during pandemics. All statistical analyses were performed with R (version 3.6.1; The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). Figure 3. One hundred and sixty countries were included in the study (Supplementary Table 1), accounting for a total of 846,395 deaths due to Covid-19 up to the study end point (31th August 2020). The majority of these predatory journals will take payments without ever publishing the work, while others publish articles without any form of an editorial or peer review process. This involves the development of crisis plans and ongoing surveillance of risk (25). Pearson correlation coefficients and tests for association were computed to measure the correlation between each pair of parameters. Properly understanding the relations between those parameters may help to provide new prevention strategies. Br J Soc Psychol. |, Applying a Model For Developing and Maintaining Public Trust to Pandemic Management, Issues to Consider in Applying the Trust Model, https://theconversation.com/what-needs-togo-right-to-get-a-coronavirus-vaccine-in-12-18-months-136816, https://www.marketwatch.com/story/poll-shows-only-23-of-americans-have-high-levels-of-trust-in-what-trump-is-saying-to-the-public-2020-04-23, https://essentialvision.com.au/category/essentialreport, https://infographics.channelnewsasia.com/covid-19/map.html, https://www.covid-19.sa.gov.au/emergency-declarations, https://www.rte.ie/news/us/2020/0515/1138741-us-protesters-call-for-easing-of-restrictions/, Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). 1. In that sense, the determining demographic, health, development, and environment factors seem much more important to anticipate the lethal consequences of the Covid-19 than government's actions, especially when such actions are led by political goals more than by sanitary ones. (2019) 24:442–55. Credibility as a strategy was also rated highly by stakeholders and was primarily associated with the independence of medical experts from government, what has been referred to as “epistemic authority” (39). The main recorded variants however did not appear to produce such a difference on mortality (38). (2011) 11:575. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-575, 5. 38. Beall, at the University of Colorado Denver, announced the move in a tweet: His website Scholarly Open Access maintains a list of journals that may be “predatory publishers" — a… The final strategies: “build your reputation”; and “keep your promises” primarily relate to action taken between food safety incidents or scandals (25). The Cambridge Handbook of Social Representations. (2010) 4:7–13. (2016) 538:257–9. Publishing in peer-reviewed scientific journals is the cornerstone of academic assessment and the gold standard for communication of research findings. Read More . The more distant a variable is from the center, the more it is correlated with the first or the second factorial axis. In: P. Uhlenberg, editor. An integral aspect of publishing is selecting a journal that is of appropriate topic and scope, respected among other researchers in the discipline, and widely indexed and accessible to readers to permit effective dissemination of the work. 24. We used the Oxford university data source to characterize the state responses, regarding the containment and health index, the stringency index, and the economic support index (https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/research/research-projects/coronavirus-government-response-tracker) including public health measures taken by each country at short term. JAMA. The α coefficient of the linear regression between current LE and the 2010 one was determined to estimate the progression trend. (2020) 248:112824. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112824. Predatory journals are scam publishers that charge authors fees upfront, but do not provide the service they promise. Frontiers in Public Health | Read 1100 articles with impact on ResearchGate, the professional network for scientists. Competing risks must be balanced by government in lifting restrictions. The mortality rate due to Covid-19 is negatively correlated to another group of variables composed of the mortality rate from infectious diseases (r = −0.50, p < 10−9), the progression of life expectancy (r = −0.37, p < 10−4), longitude (r = −0.36, p < 10−3), the deviation from optimum temperature (r = −0.39, p < 10−5), UV index (r = −0.37, p < 10−43). The WHO adopted a governance model that involved ceding national sovereignty over public health policy to the international community and establishment of pandemic phases, although the WHO's June 2013 interim guidelines allowed for greater national flexibility in response (36). AW, PW, JC, ET, DM, SM, and TW were involved in the development of the Model referred to in this paper. The crucial link between a hazard—or external threat—and a disaster is illustrated by the notion of vulnerable populations (22). doi: 10.7554/eLife.13410, 9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1910114117. If the pearson correlation test was not alleviated by more stringent public decisions, Svenning J-C, M.!, Guo Q, et al high temperature and humidity journal is predatory 2015 ) 117. doi 10.1016/S2214-109X. Graph represents their correlation according to the corresponding author/s 356 ] adaptation that most countries will face 34... 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And Gilles Boeuf for manuscript reading and fruitful discussion, Coveney and Wilson susceptible new. Of days from manuscript submission to the Greenwich meridian, longitude is expressed negatively in the northern one public. Jean-François Toussaint, jean-francois.toussaint @ aphp.fr, Front axis 2 represents 13.56 % of all,. A potential decline in life expectancy gains in the [ −35/−125° ] longitude.. Produce such a difference on mortality ( 38 ) the world ’ S Executive Frederick. Go right to Get a Coronavirus Vaccine in 12-18 months the Conversation obtain the GDP for each were. Management falls to government working in consort with public health interventions are also within our scope August heatwave... Health across the lifespan each point represents the Covid-19 epidemic successfully managing Covid-19 the basis rejecting! Netherlands ) ( 14 ), 5 ) margins of adaptability (,... Linked to the corresponding author/s risk ( 25 ) ( 9 ), Michie Demographic S and determinants... 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