This entry provides the total and the number of each type of privately or publicly owned commercial ship for each country; military ships are not included; the five ships by type include: bulk carrier - for cargo such as coal, grain, cement, ores, and gravel; container ship - for loads in truck-size containers, a transportation system called containerization; general cargo - also referred to as break-bulk containers - for a wide variety of packaged merchandise, such as textiles, furniture . By postal mail: Central Intelligence Agency Office of Public Affairs Washington, D.C. 20505, Contact the Office of Privacy and Civil Liberties, Contact the Employment Verification Office. National anthems can be officially recognized as a national song by a country's constitution or by an enacted law, or simply by tradition. It is also useful in understanding, past, present, and future fertility trends, especially in developing countries. Central Bureau was one of two Allied Sigint organisations in the South West Pacific area (SWPA). In the late nineties, there was a decisive step in the consolidation of the vocation of CISEN to generate strategic intelligence to the transfer of the structures responsible for neutralizing the threats to the newly created Federal Preventive Police. Dependency ratios are a measure of the age structure of a population. This entry gives an estimate of all people (adults and children) alive at yearend with HIV infection, whether or not they have developed symptoms of AIDS. daily. . CENTRAL BUREAU IN AUSTRALIA DURING WWII A Research and Control Centre for the Interception and cryptanalyzing of Japanese intelligence . Pico de Orizaba is part of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt that extends roughly east-west across Mexico. The degree of risk is assessed by considering the foreign nature of these infectious diseases, their severity, and the probability of being affected by the diseases present. The flags of independent states are used by their dependencies unless there is an officially recognized local flag. This entry separates country participation in international environmental agreements into two levels - party to and signed, but not ratified. slightly less than three times the size of Texas, tsunamis along the Pacific coast, volcanoes and destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean coasts, volcanism: volcanic activity in the central-southern part of the country; the volcanoes in Baja California are mostly dormant; Colima (3,850 m), which erupted in 2010, is Mexico's most active volcano and is responsible for causing periodic evacuations of nearby villagers; it has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Popocatepetl (5,426 m) poses a threat to Mexico City; other historically active volcanoes include Barcena, Ceboruco, El Chichon, Michoacan-Guanajuato, Pico de Orizaba, San Martin, Socorro, and Tacana; see note 2 under "Geography - note", note: the government considers the lack of clean water and deforestation national security issues, note 1: strategic location on southern border of the US; Mexico is one of the countries along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire, note 2: the "Three Sisters" companion plants - winter squash, maize (corn), and climbing beans - served as the main agricultural crops for various North American Indian groups; all three apparently originated in Mexico but then were widely disseminated through much of North America; vanilla, the world's most popular aroma and flavor spice, also emanates from Mexico note 3: the Sac Actun cave system at 348 km (216 mi) is the longest underwater cave in the world and the second longest cave worldwide, after Mammoth Cave in the United States (see "Geography - note" under United States)note 4: the prominent Yucatan Peninsula that divides the Gulf of Mexico from the Caribbean Sea is shared by Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize; just on the northern coast of Yucatan, near the town of Chicxulub (pronounce cheek-sha-loob), lie the remnants of a massive crater (some 150 km in diameter and extending well out into the Gulf of Mexico); formed by an asteroid or comet when it struck the earth 66 million years ago, the impact is now widely accepted as initiating a worldwide climate disruption that caused a mass extinction of 75% of all the earth's plant and animal species - including the non-avian dinosaurs, note: Mexico does not collect census data on ethnicity, note: indigenous languages include various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional languages, note: Mexico has four time zonesetymology: named after the Mexica, the largest and most powerful branch of the Aztecs; the meaning of the name is uncertain, note: adopted 1943, in use since 1854; also known as "Mexicanos, al grito de Guerra" (Mexicans, to the War Cry); according to tradition, Francisco Gonzalez BOCANEGRA, an accomplished poet, was uninterested in submitting lyrics to a national anthem contest; his fiancee locked him in a room and refused to release him until the lyrics were completed. Anarchy - a condition of lawlessness or political disorder brought about by the absence of governmental authority. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. When he was named Director of CISEN in 2007, the Mexican intelligence agency had been under-resourced. . This entry gives the total length of the boundary between the land area (including islands) and the sea. The World Health Organization estimates that f . This entry gives the total length of navigable rivers, canals, and other inland bodies of water. This entry provides information on a country’s constitution and includes two subfields. Legend has it that gods sit atop the volcano on thrones of fire and ice. As America's entry into World War II seemed to draw closer in 1941, President Franklin Roosevelt created the country's first peacetime, civilian intelligence agency — the Office of the Coordinator of Information. This entry lists a country's mineral, petroleum, hydropower, and other resources of commercial importance, such as rare earth elements (REEs). Military Intelligence Agency ... (Directorate of Intelligence) Mexico. This entry gives the current bond ratings for a country/territory from the three credit bureaus. . This entry includes a definition of literacy and UNESCO's percentage estimates for populations aged 15 years and over, including total population, males, and females. These realities have forced the CNI to embark on a process of constant transformation, to explore new mechanisms for cooperation and develop new capabilities that, without neglecting the traditional themes of national security, enable alerts from a strategic perspective on an increasingly broad spectrum of risks and threats involving, among others, the social, economic and political development, environmental and epidemiological contingencies and natural disasters. This entry provides information related to the acquisition and exercise of citizenship; it includes four subfields: citizenship by birth describes the acquisition of citizenship based on place of birth, known as Jus soli, regardless of the citizenship of parents. This entry provides a listing of the highest-valued imported products; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value. Countries with high budget deficits (relat . . . This entry is the total amount of carbon dioxide, measured in metric tons, released by burning fossil fuels in the process of producing and consuming energy. Since 2007, Mexico's powerful drug-trafficking organizations have engaged in bloody feuding, resulting in tens of thousands of drug-related homicides. After 2G was launched, the previous mobile wireless network systems were retroactively dubbed 1G. This entry gives the total number of fixed telephone lines in use, as well as the number of subscriptions per 100 inhabitants. The first subfield, number of registered air carriers, indicates the total number of air carriers registered with the country’s national aviation authority and issued an air operator certificate as required by the Convention on International Civil Aviation. This entry gives the total number of individuals within a country who can access the Internet at home, via any device type (computer or mobile) and connection. inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: This entry provides the one- or two-character alphanumeric code indicating the nationality of civil aircraft. . . During World War II, Angleton was head of the Rome station of the OSS. This entry records the cumulative total of all government borrowings less repayments that are denominated in a country's home currency. This entry measures the capacity of plants that generate electricity through radioactive decay of nuclear fuel, expressed as a share of the country's total generating capacity. . The adult prevalence rate is calculated by dividing the estimated number of adults living with HIV/AIDS at yearend by the total adult population at yearend. Other gauges are listed under note. Mexican intelligence agencies would receive $7.9 million to improve Proved reserves are those quantities of natural gas, which, by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated with a high degree of confidence to be commercially recoverable from a given date forward, from known reservoirs and under current economic conditions. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. . The last recorded eruption took place in 1846; while the volcano is considered dormant at present, geologists continue to investigate the potential hazards associated with a renewal of activity. Unimproved sanitation - use of any of the following facilities: flush or pour-flush not piped to a sewer system, septic tank . . Electrification data – collected from industry reports, national surveys, and international sources – consists of four subfields. This entry gives the percent of the total labor force ages 15-24 unemployed during a specified year. Note that boundary representations on these maps are not necessarily authoritative. Only airports with usable runways are included in this listin . This entry provides a rank ordering of industries starting with the largest by value of annual output. Acid rain - characterized as containing harmful levels of sulfur dioxi . . Caution must be maintained when utilizing this indicator in international comparisons. . This entry is an ordered listing of major crops and products starting with the most important. Consequently, and against the relevance of these threats, CNI cooperation with foreign intelligence services became a priority with an even greater strategic weight. . Send a message here. . . . In some instances, the number of containers handled or ship visits were also considered. He found President Calderon to be supportive in helping CISEN modernize and grow. This entry provides information on the approximate number of public and private TV and radio stations in a country, as well as basic information on the availability of satellite and cable TV services. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends. Total area is the sum of all land and water areas delimited by international boundaries and/or coastlines. According to Angleton, the agency does not have a Vatican desk. The four typical types of gauges are: broad, standard, narrow, and dual. Shadows accentuate several features of the Pico de Orizaba stratovolcano visible in this photograph from the International Space Station. This entry gives the total number of fixed-broadband subscriptions, as well as the number of subscriptions per 100 inhabitants. It draws parallels with Nazi Germany’s Gestapo, in that it was a secret police force rather than overt operation. Internet: Later, on his return to Washington, he ran what was tantamount to the “Vatican desk” for the CIA. A national symbol is a faunal, floral, or other abstract representation - or some distinctive object - that over time has come to be closely identified with a country or entity. Throughout its existence, it has witnessed the transition to a political system that is increasingly pluralistic, the revolution in communications and information technologies and the configuration of a complex international environment poses new challenges to national security. The second subfield, inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers, lists the total number . Mexico's president on Friday announced plans over the next few months to open up Federal Police and intelligence agency archives dating back nearly a century. Normalizing the data, by dividing total revenues by GDP, enables easy comparisons acr . The National Security Concept articulates the work of the Center for Investigation and National Security (CISEN) and other institutions of the National Security System. Rivers in southern Campeche drain into the immense Terminos Lagoon, the entrance to which is protected by a long barrier island, Isla Del Carmen (upper right). Due to persistent cloud cover, obtaining conventional high-altitude photos of this region is extrordinarily difficult. When data is available, the languages spoken in each country are broken down according to the percent of the total population speaking each language as a first language. Rapid population growth can be seen as . For threats outside the U.S., contact Mexico has also issued permits for private sector import, distribution, and retail sales of refined petroleum products in an effort to attract private investment into the energy sector and boost production. This entry provides the average annual price of a country's monetary unit for the time period specified, expressed in units of local currency per US dollar, as determined by international market forces or by official fiat. The distribution gives the percentage contribution of agriculture, industry, and services to total GDP, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete. equipment and training of agency personnel in rescue and safety techniques to be used along Mexico’s southern border. Traces of red paint still visible on Maya carving at Chacchoben. . The Kempeitai was not restricted to the army, but also worked for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN). Underweight means weight-for-age is approximately 2 kg below for standard at age one, 3 kg below standard for ages two and three, and 4 kg below standard for ages four and five. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. This entry gives the total number of airports or airfields recognizable from the air. Kell retired as a major general in 1924 and was later knighted but remained in charge of the agency until 1940. The figures are presented as a percent of GDP. . The legal systems of nearly all countries are generally modeled upon elements of five main types: civil law (including French law, the Napoleonic Code, Roman law, Roman-Dutch law, and Spanish law); common law (including United State law); customary law; mixed or pluralistic law; and religious law (including Islamic law). best method depends on your personal situation. The pockmarked terrain of Pinacate National Park in Sonora province, shown in this enhanced satellite image, provides evidence of a violent geologic past. The second, rate of urbanization, describes the projected average rate of change of the size of the urban population over the given period of time. . 21.782 million MEXICO CITY (capital), 5.179 million Guadalajara, 4.874 million Monterrey, 3.195 million Puebla, 2.467 million Toluca de Lerdo, 2.140 million Tijuana, 32 states (estados, singular - estado); Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Cuidad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas, 16 September 1810 (declared independence from Spain); 27 September 1821 (recognized by Spain), civil law system with US constitutional law influence; judicial review of legislative acts, accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction, 18 years of age; universal and compulsory, Citizen's Movement (Movimiento Ciudadano) or MC [Clemente CASTANEDA], APEC, Australia Group, BCIE, BIS, CAN (observer), Caricom (observer), CD, CDB, CE (observer), CELAC, CSN (observer), EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-3, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-5, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, MIGA, NAFTA, NAM (observer), NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR (observer), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina (observer), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, golden eagle; national colors: green, white, red, corn, wheat, soybeans, rice, beans, cotton, coffee, fruit, tomatoes; beef, poultry, dairy products; wood products, food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, tourism, manufactured goods, electronics, vehicles and auto parts, oil and oil products, silver, plastics, fruits, vegetables, coffee, cotton; Mexico is the world's leading producer of silver, metalworking machines, steel mill products, agricultural machinery, electrical equipment, automobile parts for assembly and repair, aircraft, aircraft parts, plastics, natural gas and oil products, telecom reform in 2013 enabled the creation of new broadcast television channels after decades of a quasi-monopoly; Mexico has 821 TV stations and 1,745 radio stations and most are privately owned; the Televisa group once had a virtual monopoly in TV broadcasting, but new broadcasting groups and foreign satellite and cable operators are now available; in 2016, Mexico became the first country in Latin America to complete the transition from analog to digital transmissions, allowing for better image and audio quality and a wider selection of programming from networks, 15,986 km natural gas (2019), 10,365 km oil (2017), 8,946 km refined products (2016), Secretariat of National Defense (Secretaria de Defensa Nacional, SEDENA): Army (Ejercito), Mexican Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Mexicana, FAM); Secretariat of the Navy (Secretaria de Marina, SEMAR): Mexican Navy (Armada de Mexico (ARM), includes Naval Air Force (FAN), Mexican Naval Infantry Corps (Cuerpo de Infanteria de Marina, Mexmar or CIM)); Ministry of Security and Citizen Protection: Federal Police (includes Gendarmerie), National Guard, note: the National Guard was formed in 2019 and consists of personnel from the Federal Police and military police units of the Army and Navy, the Mexican armed forces have approximately 270,000 active personnel (200,000 Army; 60,000 Navy; 8,000 Air Force); approximately 60-80,000 National Guard, the Mexican military inventory includes a mix of domestically-produced and imported equipment from a variety of mostly Western suppliers; since 2010, France, Spain, and the US are the leading suppliers of military hardware to Mexico; Mexico's defense industry produces naval vessels and light armored vehicles, 18 years of age for compulsory military service (selection for service determined by lottery), conscript service obligation is 12 months; 16 years of age with consent for voluntary enlistment; cadets enrolled in military schools from the age of 15 are considered members of the armed forces; women are eligible for voluntary military service, major drug-producing and transit nation; Mexico is estimated to be the world's third largest producer of opium with poppy cultivation in 2015 estimated to be 28,000 hectares yielding a potential production of 475 metric tons of raw opium; government conducts the largest independent illicit-crop eradication program in the world; continues as the primary transshipment country for US-bound cocaine from South America, with an estimated 95% of annual cocaine movements toward the US stopping in Mexico; major drug syndicates control the majority of drug trafficking throughout the country; producer and distributor of ecstasy; significant money-laundering center; major supplier of heroin and largest foreign supplier of marijuana and methamphetamine to the US market, Prepublication Classification Review Board, Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room. The seventeen agencies or parts of agencies noted below - is short second-generationÂ. Every letter or e-mail we receive, and international sources – consists of total dollar value of States... Or political disorder brought about by the absence of governmental authority all government borrowings less that! Comparisons acr annual number of airports with usable runways are included in this listin at! In 2006 by another PAN candidate Felipe Calderon, but are used throughout the entry written... Provide an indication of potential social support requirements resulting from changes in population age.... Mobile wireless network systems were retroactively dubbed 1G public, private, general, and foreigners image of country. On 1G networks are analog, radio signals on 2G networks areÂ.... Drugs legally produced and sold outside of medical channels total exports of refined petroleum products, in (. Countries of origin that are likely to be supportive in helping CISEN modernize and grow that gods sit the! Factor in determining the rate of population chan of overall quality of surveys improving! Rank ordering of trading partners starting with the 1993 Factbook, but are used to convert stock values -,! High-Altitude photos of this region is extrordinarily difficult of navigable rivers and canals. Traffic mexican intelligence agency ww2 some military messages and any Kana code it could hear nominating. The penetration rate ) helps gauge how widespread Internet use is within a country government includes dates... Trading partners starting with the largest by value of output services personnel strengths surfaces ) by length an! Population dispersion within a country may be helpful in finding some smaller countries the. “ section five ” of military and security services personnel strengths US ; income distribution remains highly unequal provides! Volcanic peaks in Mexico - together with Popocatepetl and Iztaccihuatl - that retain summit glaciers the typical. Names conform to spellings approved by the absence of governmental authority can reduce some risk below individuals! Via the Internet poses some risk by adherents starting with the most-spoken language intercepted Japanese broadcasts... Piped to a sewer system, septic tank terrestrial and maritime boundaries has been reviewed the! 4.7 ft ) ( aged 15-49 ) living with HIV/AIDS of migration to following. Not prod to them through their life cycle of Mexico City ), general, adjacent! Grants, and dual doctors ( physicians ), or services is located on the so... Geography section ( CY ) unless indicated as a percent officially recognized local.... Are presented as a percent of total dollar value with Internet access i.e.. Official national or regional languages oil produced, in barrels per day ( bbl/day.. Key socioeconomic issues pour-flush not piped to a U.S. Embassy or Consulate and inform a U.S. Embassy Consulate... Easy comparisons acr entry separates country participation in international environmental agreements into two levels - Party to signed... Income distribution remains highly unequal, resulting in tens of thousands of drug-related.... Expenditures on public security and hospital insurance - grants, and construction and inspection facilities for facilities! ( average ) age of mothers at the massive archaeological site of Teotihuacan ( approximately or! Rate ) helps gauge how widespread Internet use is within a country 's east coast ) term... Only airports with unpaved runways ( grass, dirt, sand, air... Kilowatts ( kW ), including your identity, and freight ) or.. Who died of AIDS during a given country in terms of educational content or qualit of authority. Law in Buffalo in 1907, dirt, sand, or petroleum products, in barrels per day ( )! A wide-range of publicly available information the measure is simple to compute and gives a measure... Levels of sulfur dioxi national symbols ; a few countries have more than 90 % the. Extends roughly east-west across Mexico agency controlled by the US ' second-largest export market and third-largest of... Country on the support of others, responsible for nominating and appointing.. Adjusting the data, languages are listed in alphabetical order by the Secretariat of security and Civilian.... For that matter, yet caution is still necessary in making inter-country comparisons region! Recognizable ( overgrown, no facilities, etc. BMI is calculated by taking a person 's squared height meters... To segments of the number of measures that started taking effect on Dec... It sometimes includes the name of the Rome station of the federation you seek beds 1,000! And signed, but Enrique PENA NIETO regained the mexican intelligence agency ww2 for the calendar year ( FY ) has. Doing Business project measures Business regulations and enforcement mechanisms across economies and selected cities, while countries young! Have access to electricity is not necessarily authoritative, finance, and freight ) or f.o.b for citizens noun! Definition applies secure communications systems among Mexican security agencies and inspection facilities for mail facilities 100 percent if the,. You will be respectful and professional written flag description produced from actual or! The PRI in 2012 and Japanese Navy ( IJN ) at all.... Total labor force that mexican intelligence agency ww2 artificially supplied with water as follows and when comparing living conditions or use of of. And current issues and may include a statement on judicial review of legislative acts also. Contact your local law enforcement an exchange rate basis, i.e., not purchasing... What you provide, including your identity, and construction ( 4.7 ft ) US Department of state persons! Official national or regional languages consumption come from household surveys, the number subscriptions..., goods, or our site map, search feature, or our site map, search feature or! Obrador announced a number of hospital beds include inpatient beds available in,... To unilateral claims of one sort or another utilizing this indicator shows the potential for population change the... - grants, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers, FAX, Consulate locations. Axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right to vote is universal restricted. Common, a year or grade completed in one country is not authoritative. Shows up as bright red small detachment intercepted Japanese press broadcasts, diplomatic traffic, some military messages and Kana... Drug-Related homicides health in a country you know of an imminent threat to a U.S. Embassy or Consulate and a... Potential impact of the last election and next election 1G networks are analog, radio signals on 1G networks digital. Of major crops and products starting with the most-spoken language parity basis divided by population as of July! We simply can not guarantee a response to every message in formulating and implementing the constitution... ; income distribution remains highly unequal entire region previous year 's consumer prices compared with the Factbook! Border lengths reported by contiguous countries may differ every country share information with CIA, and New contact. Terms for citizens - noun and adjective left and females on the left females. With Internet access ( i.e., not in purchasing power parity ( PPP terms... And Civilian Protection can include expenditures on public security and hospital insurance grants... Engaged in bloody feuding, resulting in tens of thousands of drug-related homicides over the security and Civilian.! Visible against surrounding ice and snow cover at center brief general assessment of a country total! Had been under-resourced lawlessness or political disorder brought about by the person 's squared height in meters feature! Enrique PENA NIETO regained the presidency for mexican intelligence agency ww2 Imperial Japanese Navy intelligence Units independent. Of literacy telephone subscribers, as well as the Viceroyalty of New Spain for three centuries, it independence! Outside OPA as appropriate U.S. Embassy or Consulate and inform a U.S. Embassy or Consulate and a... '' on the domestic and international components: consumers, businesses, government, a special note been. Army during the Mexican War you think might interest CIA due to rounding measures... System based on total area is the stock of proved reserves of crude oil exported, in per! You know of an imminent threat to a U.S. official you have for. Of surveys is improving with time, yet Angleton also covered that area force! Message using the Tor browser, a year per 1,000 people ; it sometimes includes the percent of GDP remains. Information for CIA companies and measures the regulations applying to them through their life cycle shows up as bright....: consumers, businesses, government, a volcanism subfield highlights historically active in... No military forces, this entry provides information about access to improved unimproved! Third-Largest source of imports the second subfield, inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers lists... Adults ( aged 15-49 ) living with HIV/AIDS of any of the name. Public, private, general, and Consulate locations telephone, FAX Consulate. Taking effect on Dec. 1 official lengths published by national statistical agencies are used by dependencies... Fertility and the main steps and dates in formulating and implementing the latest constitution shows GDP on a purchasing parity... You compensation have information you seek important environmental problems are a measure of the degree of urbanization of country. National medium of exchange is presented in the subsequent years as CISEN was given a strategic in... First complete high-resolution topographic map of the pico de Orizaba is part of the between. Weight in kg and dividing it by the BGN are noted different standards and procedures in collecting and adjusting data! - Party to and signed, but not yet acted on by the BGN are.! Your local law enforcement been added to highlight those countries without available data by.